Unit+7

= Ch. 27 =

**From Neutrality to Intervention**
//Neutrality Tested// - __Cash-and-Carry__: taking money and going with it, established by the Neutrality Acts - __Fall of France__: France cedes to Germany and becomes occupied by Nazis - __Shifting Public Opinion__: public opinion about staying neutral changes after more developments - __America First Committee__: committee over isolationism //The Third-Term Campaign// - __Wendell Willkie__: Roosevelt's opponent in the election //Neutrality Abandoned// - __lend-lease__: lending things, then leasing them - __Germany Invades the USSR__: Germany tries to invade Soviet Russia - __Atlantic Charter:__ a charter regarding nations on the Atlantic Ocean

Ch. 28: America in a World at War
Germany + Italy + Japan alliance (the AXIS) generally makes a run for control of all of the Eastern Hemisphere. England was on the brink of collapse, and Japan had just bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. America entered the war afterwards, with three fronts: the European front, the Pacific front, and the home front.

The European Front:
- first troops were sent to North Africa; the plan was to surround Germany starting from the outside. Soviet Union did not agree with this; it wanted to sack France as soon as possible, England and America wanted to take their precious time - they faced some tough weight from the Germans at first, but rallied against them and liberated Africa in May 1943. this, however, delayed the France liberation campaign. the Soviets seemed to have regained stability though - Roosevelt + Churchill met in Casablanca and planned an Allied invasion of Sicily, to "knock Italy out of the war"; soon they had conquered

This image is of 5 men raising a flag at Iwo Jima, taken by an American photographer. While the flag raising itself was insignificant and the image was never thought to be important, back home in America it represented a patriotic and ultimately hopeful spirit in the war.

Ch. 29: //The Cold War Begins// Americans were anti-communist, but //why//? The Soviet Union became Communist in 1917 with the Bolschevik Revolution which coincided with Russia's dropping out of WWI. This is where tensions between the Soviet Union and the U.S. began. Going into WWII, the Soviet Union was still communist. The Soviet Union, under control of Stalin, wanted Britain, France, and the U.S. to start a second front in Europe to aid the Soviets against Germany's invasion. However, this passed eventually, but soon Britain, America, and the Soviet Union disputed over Poland, and whether it was to be communist or not, which eventually became the leading question of the //C////old War//. U.S. --> Capitalism + Democracy Soviet Union --> Communism + Dictatorship 1.) Capitalism - an economic system in which the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit. competition (competing businesses) is the key to capitalism. The U.S. is a free-market capitalist society, with laissez-faire rules (there are little to no government interventions in the market) American government: 2.) Democracy - the people decide the fate of the country; in the U.S. the people elected people to lead them (and not rule them). In the U.S. we have a representative democracy 3.) Dictatorship - an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by an individual. The Soviet Union's had a totalitarian rule, where the dictator (Joseph Stalin) recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life wherever feasible 4.) Communism - movement that aims for a classless and stateless society. the Soviet Union was a communist society Bonus Key Term!: Socialism is the world resources being owned by the entire global population. It is a theory developed by Karl Marx, who was a pretty cool guy. CONTAINMENT - the Truman Doctrine. the main feature of containment is economic aid. Stable economies usually don't lead to a communist revolution, so America would provide countries with economic aid and in return those countries would not become communist. Marshall Plan - a proogram that worked for aiding European nations in economic recovery Berlin Airlift - when the U.S.S.R. blockaded Berlin in Germany to make it a communist city, so America airlifted food and supplies to the city MARX'S THEORY: history of mankind is a history of class warfare and class struggle: the people who succeed constantly work to keep those who are not successful, unsuccessful. he envisioned a classless community. things will always get bad enough where the working class revolt. the American dream, however, is the reason why the poor of America don't revolt
 * taxes businesses
 * intervenes occasionally

//timeline!//
1945 - FDR dies, Truman becomes president 1946 - in the midterm elections, Republicans take hold of both houses of Congress 1947 - Truman orders loyalty checks on all federal government employees 1948 - Truman runs for president for the first time, is elected in surprise victory 1950 - Joseph McCarthy, undistinguished Republican senator, bursts onto scene